Isabeau Neethling gives insight to intermittent pneumatic compression machines and their effects on cancer-related lymphoedema.
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Lymphoedema is a chronic condition characterised by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in tissues, leading to swelling, most commonly in the arms and legs.
This condition can arise as a complication of cancer treatments, such as surgery and radiation, which can damage the lymphatic system. Cancer-related lymphoedema can significantly impact the quality of life, causing discomfort, reduced mobility, and an increased risk of infections.
Management is crucial; a promising method is using intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) machines.
Understanding intermittent pneumatic compression machines
IPC machines are devices designed to enhance lymphatic flow and reduce swelling by applying controlled intermittent pressure to the affected limb.
The machine consists of inflatable sleeves that are worn around the limb. The sleeves are connected to the pump that inflates and deflates the compartments sequentially, mimicking the natural muscle contractions that facilitate lymphatic drainage.
Mechanism of action
The primary mechanism of IPC involves the clinical application of pressure, which helps to:
Stimulate lymphatic flow
The sequential inflation and deflation of the sleeve mimics the natural muscle pump action, promoting the movement of lymphatic fluid from the affected area towards the central lymphatic system.
Reduces swelling
By facilitating lymphatic drainage, IPC helps to decrease the build-up of lymph fluid, thereby reducing swelling in the limb.
Prevents tissue fibrosis
Regular use of IPC can help prevent the hardening of tissues (fibrosis) that often accompanies chronic lymphoedema.
Benefits of IPC for cancer-related lymphoedema
Numerous studies and clinical experiences have highlighted the benefits of IPC for managing cancer-related lymphoedema.
Improved limb volume
Research has shown that IPC can significantly reduce limb volume in patients with lymphoedema. This reduction in swelling can enhance mobility and function, allowing patients to perform daily activities with greater ease.
Enhanced quality of life
The alleviation of symptoms such as heaviness, discomfort, and pain can lead to improved overall qualityof life. Patients often report feeling more comfortable and less self-conscious about their condition.
Decreased infection risk
By reducing fluid build-up, IPC can lower the risk of cellulitis and other infections, which are common complications of lymphoedema.
Non-invasive and safe
IPC is a non-invasive treatment option with a favourable safety profile. Most patients tolerate the therapy well, and it can be used in conjunction with other treatments, such as manual lymphatic drainage and compression garments.
Clinical evidence
Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of IPC in managing cancer-related lymphoedema.
- A study in The Journal of Clinical Oncology found that IPC reduced limb volume and improved patient-reported outcomes in women with breast cancer-related lymphoedema.
- Another study in The American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation reported patients using IPC experienced significant reductions in limb circumference and improvements in skin condition.
- Lymphatic Research and Biology highlighted that IPC, when used as part of a comprehensive lymphoedema management programme, resulted in sustained improvements in lymphatic function and symptom relief.
Conclusion
Intermittent pneumatic compression machines offer a valuable and effective treatment option for managing cancer-related lymphoedema.
By promoting lymphatic drainage and reducing swelling, IPC can significantly enhance the quality of life for patients suffering from this debilitating condition.
As research continues to support its efficiency and safety, IPC is likely to remain a cornerstone in the multi-disciplinary approach to lymphoedema management.
Patients should consult with their healthcare providers to determine the most appropriate treatment plan tailored to their individual needs.
Patient testimonial
Lymphoedema started in Adri Gibson’s right arm after she had a mastectomy.
In 2019, she started standard manual lymph drainage treatment and used compression garments as well as self-manual lymph drainage.
Due to the fact that she stays quite far, she needed something to help with her self-treatment at home, an IPC machine was suggested.
Adri still goes for regular manual lymph drainage and makes use of pressure garments, but she says she couldn’t have managed without the IPC machine.
MEET THE EXPERT – Isabeau Neethling
Isabeau Neethling has been a physiotherapist for 35 years and a lymphoedema therapist since 2014. Through the years she has been treating patients with lymphoedema with IPC machines. She is also an ovarian cancer survivor.
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